Bounty System - sort of. You can add bounties to someone, and once they are podded (ship killed, pod popped) the killer gets the current bounty. Some people have hundreds of millions of isk on their heads (from jokes and serious business!). But as for a "Wanted: Dead" type system ala the Old West, not really no.
Way to record kills so payments could be made, most pvp types in eve have a killboard they can use for example I am here on MAADI's KB:
http://www.handsofjustice.co.uk/maadikb/?a=pilot_detail&plt_id=39011and more publically, I am here on Battleclinics KB (This is a massive public one, covers alot of the playerbase directly and indirectly):
http://www.battleclinic.com/eve_online/pk/view.php?type=player&name=Mangala+SolarisSo people using KB's as a way to prove kills would work out ok in this regard.
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As to the 80bill?
Can buy his own titan and officer fit it. Could buy and fit 2 Motherships (Officer again). Buy and fit 40 or so Carriers. Many Many months of gametime for his main and his alts. Fit a huge number of T2 ships with T2 gear and insure them all, then give them a corp full of pvpers to go have a huge amount of fun with, until the money goes away
Basically he has reduced alot of the risk there is in eve, any losses he takes will not really make a huge dent in that wallet sum for a long time.